The Genius of Archimedes - 23 Centuries of Influence on Mathematics, Science and Engineering:

S. A. Paipetis e Marco Ceccarelli

Springer |2010 | 526 páginas | pdf | 16 MB
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Archimedes is held in high esteem by mathematicians, physicists and engineers as one of the most brilliant scientists of all time. These proceedings contain original, unpublished papers with the primary emphasis on the scientific work of Archimedes and his influence on the fields of mathematics, science, and engineering. There are also papers dealing with archaeological aspects and the myths and legends about Archimedes and about the Archimedes Palimpsest. Papers on the following subjects form part of the book: Hydrostatics (buoyancy, fluid pressure and density, stability of floating bodies); Mechanics (levers, pulleys, centers of gravity, laws of equilibrium); Pycnometry (measurement of volume and density); Integral Calculus (Archimedes as the father of the integral calculus, method of exhaustion, approximation of pi, determination of areas and volumes); Mathematical Physics (Archimedes as the father of mathematical physics, Law of the Lever, Law of Buoyancy, Axiomatization of Physics); History of Mathematics and Mechanics (Archimedes' influence in antiquity, the middle ages, the Renaissance, and modern times; his influence on Leonado da Vinci, Galileo, Newton, and other giants of science and mathematics); Ancient Machines and Mechanisms (catapults, water screws, iron hands, compound pulleys, planetaria, water clocks, celestial globes, the Antikythera Mechanism); Archimedean Solids (their rediscovery in the Rennaisance and their applications in materials science and chemistry); Archimedean Legends (how stories of golden crowns, eureka moments, naked runs, burning mirrors, steam cannons, etc., have influenced us through the ages, whether true or not); The Cattle Problem (how its 18th century rediscovery inspired the study of equations with integer solutions); Teaching the Ideas of Archimedes (how his life and works have influenced the teaching of science, mathematics, and engineering).

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface v
1. Legacy and Influence in Mathematics 1
An Archimedean Research Theme: The Calculation of the Volume of Cylindrical Groins 3
Nicla Palladino
On Archimedean Roots in Torricelli’s Mechanics 17
Raffaele Pisano and Danilo Capecchi
Rational Mechanics and Science Rationnelle Unique
Johan Gielis, Diego Caratelli, Stefan Haesen and Paolo E. Ricci
Archimedes and Caustics: A Twofold Multimedia and Experimental Approach 45
Assunta Bonanno, Michele Camarca, Peppino Sapia and Annarosa Serpe
Archimedes’ Quadratures 57
Jean Christianidis and Apostolos Demis
On Archimedes’ Pursuit Concerning Geometrical Analysis 69
Philippos Fournarakis and Jean Christianidis
2. Legacy and Influence in Engineering and Mechanisms Design 83
Simon Stevin and the Rise of Archimedean Mechanics in the Renaissance 85
Teun Koetsier
Archimedes’ Cannons Against the Roman Fleet? 113
Cesare Rossi
V-Belt Winding Along Archimedean Spirals During the Variator Speed Ratio Shift 133
Francesco Sorge
Ancient Motors for Siege Towers 149
C. Rossi, S. Pagano and F. Russo
From Archimedean Spirals to Screw Mechanisms – A Short Historical Overview 163
Hanfried Kerle and Klaus Mauersberger
The Mechanics of Archimedes Towards Modern Mechanism Design 177
Marco Ceccarelli
Archimedean Mechanical Knowledge in 17th Century China 189
Zhang Baichun and Tian Miao
Archimedes Arabicus. Assessing Archimedes’ Impact on Arabic
Mechanics and Engineering 207
3. Legacy and Influence in Hydrostatics 213
The Golden Crown: A Discussion 215
Felice Costanti
The Heritage of Archimedes in Ship Hydrostatics: 2000 Years from Theories to Applications 227
Horst Nowacki
Notes on the Syrakosia and on Archimedes’ Approach to the Stability of Floating Bodies 251
Marco Bonino
What Did Archimedes Find at “Eureka” Moment? 265
Kuroki Hidetaka
Floatability and Stability of Ships: 23 Centuries after Archimedes 277
Alberto Francescutto and Apostolos D. Papanikolaou
The “Syrakousia” Ship and the Mechanical Knowledge between Syracuse and Alexandria 289
Giovanni Di Pasquale
4. Legacy and Influence in Philosophy 303
Browsing in a Renaissance Philologist’s Toolbox: Archimedes’ Rule 305
Nadia Ambrosetti
Mathematician, Anti-Platonic and Anti-Aristotelian Philosopher 313
Giuseppe Boscarino
Archimedes to Eratosthenes: “Method for Mechanical Theorems” 323
Roberto Bragastini
Archimedes in Seventeenth Century Philosophy 331
Epaminondas Vampoulis
5. Legacy and Influence in Science and Technology 345
Cross-Fertilisation of Science and Technology in the Time of Archim d s 347
Theodossios P. Tassios
Archimedes in Ancient Roman World 361
Mario Geymonat
Archimedes: Russian Researches 369
Alexander Golovin and Anastasia Golovina
Archimedean Science and the Scientific Revolution 377
Agamenon R.E. Oliveira
Archimedes’ Burning Mirrors: Myth or Reality? 387
Adel Valiullin and Valentin Tarabarin
The Influence of Archimedes in the Machine Books from Renaissance to the 19th Century 397
Francis C. Moon
Archimedes Influence in Science and Engineering 411
Thomas G. Chondros
6. Legacy and Influence in Teaching and History Aspects 427
The Founder-Cult of Hieron II at Akrai: The Rock-Relief from Intagliatella’s latomy 429
Paolo Daniele Scirpo
Archimedes: Russian Editions of Works 439
Alexander Golovin and Anastasia Golovina
Archimedes in Program on History of Mechanics in Lomonosov Moscow St. University 459
Irina Tyulina and Vera Chinenova
Archimedes Discovers and Inventions in the Russian Education 469
Philip Bocharov, Kira Matveeva and Valentin Tarabarin
Archimedes in Secondary Schools: A Teaching Proposal for the Math Curriculum 479
Francesco A. Costabile and Annarosa Serpe
Mechanical Advantage: The Archimedean Tradition of acquiring Geometric Insight form Mechanical Metaphor 493
Vincent De Sapio and Robin De Sapio
The Death of Archimedes: A Reassessment
Cettina Voza