Meta Math - The Quest for Omega

Gregory Chaitin 

Vintage | 2008 | 240 páginas | rar - epub | Mb

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Gregory Chaitin, one of the world’s foremost mathematicians, leads us on a spellbinding journey, illuminating the process by which he arrived at his groundbreaking theory.
Chaitin’s revolutionary discovery, the Omega number, is an exquisitely complex representation of unknowability in mathematics. His investigations shed light on what we can ultimately know about the universe and the very nature of life. In an infectious and enthusiastic narrative, Chaitin delineates the specific intellectual and intuitive steps he took toward the discovery. He takes us to the very frontiers of scientific thinking, and helps us to appreciate the art—and the sheer beauty—in the science of math.

CONTENTSPreface
Quotes by Leibniz/Galileo
Franz Kafka: Before the Law
One Introduction
Two Three Strange Loves: Primes/Gödel/LISP
Three Digital Information: DNA/Software/Leibniz
Four Intermezzo
Five The Labyrinth of the Continuum
Six Complexity, Randomness & Incompleteness
Seven Conclusion
Poem by Robert Chute
Poem by Marion Cohen
Further Reading

The Universe in Zero Words: The Story of Mathematics as Told through Equations

Dana Mackenzie

Princeton University Press | 2012 | 225 páginas | rar - pdf | 28,5 Mb

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Most popular books about science, and even about mathematics, tiptoe around equations as if they were something to be hidden from the reader's tender eyes. Dana Mackenzie starts from the opposite premise: He celebrates equations. No history of art would be complete without pictures. Why, then, should a history of mathematics--the universal language of science--keep the masterpieces of the subject hidden behind a veil?
The Universe in Zero Words tells the history of twenty-four great and beautiful equations that have shaped mathematics, science, and society--from the elementary (1+1=2) to the sophisticated (the Black-Scholes formula for financial derivatives), and from the famous (E=mc2) to the arcane (Hamilton's quaternion equations). Mackenzie, who has been called "a popular-science ace" byBooklist magazine, lucidly explains what each equation means, who discovered it (and how), and how it has affected our lives.
Illustrated in color throughout, the book tells the human and often-surprising stories behind the invention or discovery of the equations, from how a bad cigar changed the course of quantum mechanics to why whales (if they could communicate with us) would teach us a totally different concept of geometry. At the same time, the book shows why these equations have something timeless to say about the universe, and how they do it with an economy (zero words) that no other form of human expression can match.
The Universe in Zero Words is the ultimate introduction and guide to equations that have changed the world.

contents
preface 6
introduction: the abacist versus the algorist 10
part one: equations of antiquity 16
1. Why we believe in arithmetic: the world’s simplest equation 20
2. Resisting a new concept: the discovery of zero 26
3. The square of the hypotenuse: the Pythagorean theorem 30
4. The circle game: the discovery of π 40
5. From Zeno’s paradoxes to the idea of infinity 46
6. A matter of leverage: laws of levers 52
part two: equations in the age of exploration 56
7. The stammerer’s secret: Cardano’s formula 60
8. Order in the heavens: Kepler’s laws of planetary motion 68
9. Writing for eternity: Fermat’s Last Theorem 74
10. An unexplored continent: the fundamental theorem of calculus 80
11. Of apples, legends . . . and comets: Newton’s laws 90
12. The great explorer: Euler’s theorems 96
part three: equations in a promethean age 104
13. The new algebra: Hamilton and quaternions 108
14. Two shooting stars: group theory 114
15. The geometry of whales and ants: non-Euclidean geometry 122
16. In primes we trust: the prime number theorem 128
17. The idea of spectra: Fourier series 134
18. A god’s-eye view of light: Maxwell’s equations 142
part four: equations in our own time 150
19. The photoelectric effect: quanta and relativity 154
20. From a bad cigar to Westminster Abbey: Dirac’s formula 164
21. The empire-builder: the Chern-Gauss-Bonnet equation 174
22. A little bit infinite: the Continuum Hypothesis 182
23. Theories of chaos: Lorenz equations 194
24. Taming the tiger: the Black-Scholes equation 204
conclusion: what of the future? 214
acknowledgments 218
bibliography 219
index

Livros relacionados:

In pursuit of the unknown : 17 equations that changed the world por Ian Stewart   Idioma: Inglês   Editora: New York : Basic Books, 2012.

Five equations that changed the world : the power and poetry of mathematics por Michael Guillen   Idioma: Inglês   Editora: New York : Hyperion, ©1995.

Math for Mystics - From the Fibonacci Sequence to Luna’s Labyrinth to the Golden Section and Other Secrets of Sacred Geometry

Renna Shesso 

Weiser Books | 2007 | 210 páginas | rar - pdf | 2,6 Mb

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Much of math history comes to us from early astrologers who needed to be able to describe and record what they saw in the night sky. Whether you were the king's court astrologer or a farmer marking the best time for planting, timekeeping and numbers really mattered. Mistake a numerical pattern of petals and you could be poisoned. Lose the rhythm of a sacred dance or the meter of a ritually told story and the intricately woven threads that hold life together were spoiled. Ignore the celestial clock of equinoxes and solstices, and you'd risk being caught short of food for the winter.
Shesso's friendly tone and clear grasp of the information make the math "go down easy" in this marvelous book

ContentsIntroduction: “Math?! Why?” vII
Chapter 0 The Circle of Creation 1
Chapter 1 Counting 5
Chapter 2 The Moon 13
Chapter 3 Measurements 21
Chapter 4 The Days of the Week 25
Chapter 5 The Magical Squares 47
Chapter 6 The Knight’s Tour and Templar Codes? 69
Chapter 7 Shapes and Numbers Meditation 83
Chapter 8 Pythagoras 95
Chapter 9 Fibonacci, the Golden Ratio, and the Pentacle 101
Chapter 10 Venus’ Pentacle 115
Chapter 11 The Geometric Solids 123
Chapter 12 Individual Numbers 129
Chapter 13 A Tale in Which Gods Do Math 159
Chapter 14 Summing Up 161
Notes 165
Bibliography 175
Index 183

Mathematics in Nature: Modeling Patterns in the Natural World

John A. Adam

Princeton University Press | 2006 | 416 páginas | rar - pdf |2,9 Mb

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From rainbows, river meanders, and shadows to spider webs, honeycombs, and the markings on animal coats, the visible world is full of patterns that can be described mathematically. Examining such readily observable phenomena, this book introduces readers to the beauty of nature as revealed by mathematics and the beauty of mathematics as revealed in nature.Generously illustrated, written in an informal style, and replete with examples from everyday life, Mathematics in Nature is an excellent and undaunting introduction to the ideas and methods of mathematical modeling. It illustrates how mathematics can be used to formulate and solve puzzles observed in nature and to interpret the solutions. In the process, it teaches such topics as the art of estimation and the effects of scale, particularly what happens as things get bigger. Readers will develop an understanding of the symbiosis that exists between basic scientific principles and their mathematical expressions as well as a deeper appreciation for such natural phenomena as cloud formations, halos and glories, tree heights and leaf patterns, butterfly and moth wings, and even puddles and mud cracks.Developed out of a university course, this book makes an ideal supplemental text for courses in applied mathematics and mathematical modeling. It will also appeal to mathematics educators and enthusiasts at all levels, and is designed so that it can be dipped into at leisure.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

Preface: The motivation for the book; Acknowledgments; Credits xiii
Prologue: Why I Might Never Have Written This Book xxi
CHAPTER ONE: The Confluence of Nature and Mathematical Modeling 1
CHAPTER TWO: Estimation: The Power of Arithmetic in Solving Fermi Problems 17
CHAPTER THREE: Shape, Size, and Similarity: The Problem of Scale 31
CHAPTER FOUR: Meteorological Optics I: Shadows, Crepuscular Rays, and Related Optical Phenomena 57
CHAPTER FIVE: Meteorological Optics II: A "Calculus I" Approach to Rainbows, Halos, and Glories 80
CHAPTER SIX: Clouds, Sand Dunes, and Hurricanes 118
CHAPTER SEVEN: (Linear) Waves of All Kinds 139
CHAPTER EIGHT: Stability 173
CHAPTER NINE: Bores and Nonlinear Waves 194
CHAPTER TEN: The Fibonacci Sequence and the Golden Ratio 213
CHAPTER ELEVEN: Bees, Honeycombs, Bubbles, and Mud Cracks 231
CHAPTER TWELVE: River Meanders, Branching Patterns, and Trees 254
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Bird Flight 295
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: HowDid the Leopard Get Its Spots? 309
APPENDIX: Fractals: An Appetite Whetter... 336
BIBLIOGRAPHY 341
INDEX 357

Beyond numeracy: ruminations of a numbers man

John Allen Paulos

Vintage | 2013 | 306 páginas | epub | 4,6 Mb

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"This book is in part a dictionary, in part a collection of short mathematical essays, and in part the ruminations of a numbers man. Although it contains many entries (brief essays) arranged in alphabetical order and depicting a broad range of mathematical topics, the book differs from a standard dictionary in that its entries are less comprehensive, longer, and in some cases quite unconventional." -- from introduction

CONTENTS
Introduction
A Mathematical Accent
Algebra—Some Basic Principles
Analytic Geometry
Arabic Numerals
Areas and Volumes
Binary Numbers and Codes
Calculus
Chaos Theory
Coincidences
Combinatorics, Graphs, and Maps
Complexity of Programs
Computation and Rote
Correlation, Intervals, and Testing
Differential Equations
E
Mathematics in Ethics
Exponential Growth
Fermat’s Last Theorem
Mathematical Folklore
Fractals
Functions
Game Theory
Gödel and His Theorem
Golden Rectangle, Fibonacci Sequences
Groups and Abstract Algebra
Human Consciousness, Its Fractal Nature
Humor and Mathematics
Imaginary and Negative Numbers
Impossibilities—Three Old, Three New
Mathematical Induction
Infinite Sets
Limits
Linear Programming
Matrices and Vectors
Mean, Median, and Mode
Möbius Strips and Orientability
Monte Carlo Method of Simulation
The Multiplication Principle
Music, Art, and Digitalization
Non-Euclidean Geometry
Notation
Oulipo—Mathematics in Literature
Partial Orderings and Comparisons
Pascal’s Triangle
Philosophy of Mathematics
Pi
Platonic Solids
Prime Numbers
Probability
The Pythagorean Theorem
QED, Proofs, and Theorems
The Quadratic and Other Formulas
Quantifiers in Logic
Rational and Irrational Numbers
Recursion—From Definitions to Life
Russell’s Paradox
Scientific Notation
Series—Convergence and Divergence
Sorting and Retrieving
Statistics—Two Theorems
Substitutability and More on Rote
Symmetry and Invariance
Tautologies and Truth Tables
Time, Space, and Immensity
Topology
Trigonometry
Turing’s Test, Expert Systems
Variables and Pronouns
Voting Systems
Zeno and Motion
Chronological Listing of the “Top Forty"
Suggested headings
About the Author
Other Books by This Author

Math bytes : Google bombs, chocolate-covered pi, and other cool bits in computing

Tim Chartier

Princeton University Press | 2014 | 151 páginas | rar - pdf | 5 Mb

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This book provides a fun, hands-on approach to learning how mathematics and computing relate to the world around us and help us to better understand it. How can reposting on Twitter kill a movie’s opening weekend? How can you use mathematics to find your celebrity look-alike? What is Homer Simpson’s method for disproving Fermat’s Last Theorem? Each topic in this refreshingly inviting book illustrates a famous mathematical algorithm or result--such as Google’s PageRank and the traveling salesman problem--and the applications grow more challenging as you progress through the chapters. But don’t worry, helpful solutions are provided each step of the way.

Math Bytes shows you how to do calculus using a bag of chocolate chips, and how to prove the Euler characteristic simply by doodling. Generously illustrated in color throughout, this lively and entertaining book also explains how to create fractal landscapes with a roll of the dice, pick a competitive bracket for March Madness, decipher the math that makes it possible to resize a computer font or launch an Angry Bird--and much, much more. All of the applications are presented in an accessible and engaging way, enabling beginners and advanced readers alike to learn and explore at their own pace--a bit and a byte at a time.

CONTENTS 

Preface ix

1 Your First Byte 1

2 Deceiving Arithmetic 5

3 Two by Two 11

4 Infinite Detail 21

5 Plot the Course 32

6 Doodling into a Labyrinth 42

7 Obama-cize Yourself 54

8 Painting with M&Ms 61

9 Distorting Reality 73

10 A Pretty Mathematical Face 86

11 March MATHness 98

12 Ranking a Googol of Bits 105

13 A Byte to Go 124

14 Up to the Challenge 125

Bibliography 131

Index 133

Image Credits 135

Super Crunchers Why Thinking by Numbers Is the New Way to Be Smart

 Ian Ayres

Bantam | 2007 | 211 páginas | rar - epub | 601 kb

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An international sensation—and still the talk of the relevant blogosphere—this Wall Street Journal and New York Timesbusiness bestseller examines the “power” in numbers. Today more than ever, number crunching affects your life in ways you might not even imagine. Intuition and experience are no longer enough to make the grade. In order to succeed—even survive—in our data-based world, you need to become statistically literate.

Cutting-edge organizations are already crunching increasingly larger databases to find the unseen connections among seemingly unconnected things to predict human behavior with staggeringly accurate results. From Internet sites like Google and Amazon that use filters to keep track of your tastes and your purchasing history, to insurance companies and government agencies that every day make decisions affecting your life, the brave new world of the super crunchers is happening right now. No one who wants to stay ahead of the curve should make another keystroke without reading Ian Ayres’s engrossing and enlightening book.

Contents

1   Who’s Doing Your Thinking for You?

2   Creating Your Own Data with the Flip of a Coin

3   Government by Chance

4   How Should Physicians Treat Evidence-Based Medicine?

5   Experts Versus Equations

6   Why Now?

7   Are We Having Fun Yet?

8   The Future of Intuition (and Expertise)

Raising public awareness of mathematics

Ehrhard Behrends, Nuno Crato e José Francisco Rodrigues

Springer | 2012 | páginas | rar - pdf | Mb

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This collective book aims to encourage and inspire actions directed towards raising public awareness of the importance of mathematical sciences for our contemporary society in a cultural and historical perspective. Mathematical societies, in Europe and around the world, can find ideas, blueprints and suggestions for activities – including concerted actions with other international organizations – directed towards raising public awareness of science, technology and other fields where mathematics plays a strong role. The material is divided into four parts:
• National experiences
• Exhibitions / mathematical museums
• Popularization activities
• Popularization: why and how

Contents
Part I National Experiences
Raising Public Awareness in the UK—Some Snapshots . . . 3
John D. Barrow and Robin Wilson
Raising the Public Awareness of Math: Discussing Recent Initiatives in France  . 11
Jean-Pierre Bourguignon
The GermanWebsite Mathematik.de . . . 23
Wolfram Koepf
Mathematics for the People .. . 37
Günter M. Ziegler and Thomas Vogt
Mathematics in the Public Mind: The USA . . 47
Reinhard Laubenbacher
Balancing Math Popularization with Public Debate: A Mathematical Society’s Continued Efforts to Raise the Public Awareness of Mathematics and for Youth Mathematical Education .. 57
Renata Ramalho and Nuno Crato
The Butterfly Effect and the Popularization of Mathematics: Spain . 67
Raúl Ibáñez Torres
Part II Exhibitions and Mathematical Museums
Mathema—Is Mathematics the Language of Nature?. . 87
Ehrhard Behrends
Lessons Which Can Be Learned from the Mathematikum  . 101
Albrecht Beutelspacher
Atractor .. 109
Manuel Arala Chaves
Mathematics in Action from Lisbon: Engagement with the
Popularization and Communication of Mathematics .. 135
Ana Maria Eiró, Suzana Nápoles, José Francisco Rodrigues, and Jorge Nuno Silva
Playing with Mathematics at Il Giardino di Archimede . . 155
Enrico Giusti
IMAGINARY and the Open Source Math Exhibition Platform . 167
Andreas Daniel Matt
Part III Popularisation Activities
www.mathematics-in-europe.eu  . 189
Ehrhard Behrends
TheMaximin Principle in the Popularisation of Mathematics: Maximum Effect with Minimum Costs .. 197
Franka Miriam Brueckler
WMY 2000: Ten Years on .  . 215
Mireille Chaleyat-Maurel
Some Remarks on Popularizing Mathematics or a Magic Room  . 229
Krzysztof Ciesielski and Zdzisław Pogoda
Mathematics and Interdisciplinarity: Outreach Activities at the University of Coimbra . 241
João Fernandes, Carlos Fiolhais, and Carlota Simões
From PA(X) to RPAM(X) . .. 255
Steen Markvorsen
Promoting the Public Awareness of Mathematics in Developing Countries: A Responsibility and an Opportunity . 269
Yasser Omar
Mathematical Pictures: Visualization, Art and Outreach .. 279
John M. Sullivan
Part IV Popularisation—Why and How
Image, Influence and Importance of Mathematics as Directives for Public Awareness . 297
F. Thomas Bruss
The Importance of Useful Mathematics: On Tools for Its Popularization, from Industry to Art . . 313
Jorge Buescu and José Francisco Rodrigues
WWMD? .331
Barry Cipra
Rigour in Communicating Maths: A Mathematical Feature or an Unnecessary Pedantry? .339
Maria Dedò
Mathematics Between Research, Application, and Communication . . 359
Gert-Martin Greuel
Keeping Mathematical Awareness Alive . . 387
Vagn Lundsgaard Hansen
On the Importance of Useless Mathematics .. 397
António Machiavelo

The Music of Reason: Experience the Beauty of Mathematics Through Quotations

Theoni Pappas

Wide World Publishing | 1995 | 145 páginas | pdf | 3,3 Mb

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ContentsMathematics 1
Mathematics & Imagination 16
Mathematics & Humor 26
Mathematicians 32
Mathematics & the Arts 40
Mathematics & Infinity 4&
Mathematics & History 56
Mathematics & Nature 64
Keality, Truth & Mathematics 74
Numbers 86
Logic, Intuition, & Thought 96
Mathematics & the Universe 106
Mathematical Things 116
Mathematics & the Sciences 124
Computers 130
Epilogue 138
about the author 139

Livro relacionado:

Mathematically speaking : a dictionary of quotations por Carl C Gaither; Alma E Cavazos-Gaither; Idioma: Inglês   Editora: Bristol ; Philadelphia : Institute of Physics Pub., ©1998.

Figuring It Out: Entertaining Encounters with Everyday Math

Nuno Crato
Copernicus | 2010 | 238 páginas | pdf | 3 Mb

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This is a book of mathematical stories — funny and puzzling mathematical stories. They tell of villains who try to steal secrets, heroes who encode their messages, and mathematicians who spend years on end searching for the best way to pile oranges.

There are also stories about highway confusions occurring when the rules of Cartesian geometry are ignored, small-change errors due to ignorance of ancient paradoxes, and mistakes in calendars arising from poor numerical approximations.

This book is about the power and beauty of mathematics. It shows mathematics in action, explained in a way that everybody can understand. It is a book for enticing youngsters and inspiring teachers.

Nuno Crato is a leading science writer and mathematician, whose entertaining essays have won a number of international awards. (E atualmente ministro da educação em Portugal :()

CONTENTS

Preface v

EverydayMatters

The Dinner Table Algorithm 3

Cutting the Christmas Cake 7

Oranges and Computers 11

When Two and Two Don’t Make Four 15

Getting More Intelligent Every Day 19

The Other Lane Always Goes Faster 23

Shoelaces and Neckties 27

Number Puzzles 31

Tossing a Coin 35

The Switch 39

Eubulides, The Heap and The Euro 43

The Earth is Round

How GPS Works 49

Gear Wheels 53

February 29 57

The Nonius Scale 61

Pedro Nunes’ Map 65

Lighthouse Geometry 71

Asteroids and Least Squares 75

The Useful Man and the Genius 79

Secret Affairs

Alice and Bob 85

Inviolate Cybersecrets 89

Quantum Cryptography 93

The FBI Wavelet 97

The Enigma Machine 101

Art and Geometry

The Vitruvian Man 107

The Golden Number 111

The Geometry of A4 Paper Sizes 115

The Strange Worlds of Escher 119

Escher and the Möbius Strip 123

Picasso, Einstein and the Fourth Dimension 127

Pollock’s Fractals 131

Voronoi Diagrams 137

The Platonic Solids 141

Pythagorean Mosquitoes 145

The Most Beautiful of All 147

Mathematical Objects

The Power of Math 153

Doubts in the Realm of Certainty 157

When Chance Enhances Reliability 161

The Difficulty of Chance 167

Conjectures and Proofs 171

Mr. Benford 173

Financial Fractals 179

Turing’s Test 183

DNA Computers 187

Magical Multiplication 191

π Day 193

The Best Job in theWorld 197

Out of this World

Electoral Paradoxes 201

The Melon Paradox 205

The Cupcake Paradox 207

Infinity 209

Unfair Games 211

Monsieur Bertrand 213

Boy or Girl? 215

A Puzzle for Christmas 217

Crisis Time for Easter Eggs 221

Index 223

Magnificent Mistakes in Mathematics

Alfred S. Posamentier e Ingmar Lehmann

Prometheus Books | 2013 | páginas | epub | 5,3 Mb

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Two veteran math educators demonstrate how some "magnificent mistakes" had profound consequences for our understanding of mathematics' key concepts. 

In the nineteenth century, English mathematician William Shanks spent fifteen years calculating the value of pi, setting a record for the number of decimal places. Later, his calculation was reproduced using large wooden numerals to decorate the cupola of a hall in the Palais de la Découverte in Paris. However, in 1946, with the aid of a mechanical desk calculator that ran for seventy hours, it was discovered that there was a mistake in the 528th decimal place. Today, supercomputers have determined the value of pi to trillions of decimal places. 
This is just one of the amusing and intriguing stories about mistakes in mathematics in this layperson's guide to mathematical principles. In another example, the authors show that when we "prove" that every triangle is isosceles, we are violating a concept not even known to Euclid - that of "betweenness." And if we disregard the time-honored Pythagorean theorem, this is a misuse of the concept of infinity. Even using correct procedures can sometimes lead to absurd - but enlightening - results.
Requiring no more than high-school-level math competency, this playful excursion through the nuances of math will give you a better grasp of this fundamental, all-important science. 

Contents

Acknowledgments
Introduction
Chapter 1: Noteworthy Mistakes by Famous Mathematicians
Chapter 2: Mistakes in Arithmetic
Chapter 3: Algebraic Mistakes
Chapter 4: Geometric Mistakes
Chapter 5: Mistakes in Probability and Statistics ss
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography

Index

Poetry of the Universe: A Mathematical Exploration of the Cosmos

Robert Osserman 

Anchor | 1996 | 210 páginas | rar - epub | 5,44 Mb

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An exciting intellectual tour through the ages showing how mathematical concepts and imagination have helped to illuminate the nature of the observable universe, this book is a delightful narrative "math for poets." Osserman traces the mathematical breakthroughs over the centuries and explains their significance.

Contents
I. Measuring the Unmeasurable
II. Encompassing the Earth
III. The Real World
IV. Imaginary Worlds
V. Curved Space
VI. The Invisible Universe
VII. Looking Back: The Observable Universe
VIII. Another Dimension
IX. A Galaxy of Shapes

Thinking In Numbers: On Life, Love, Meaning, and Math

 Daniel Tammet

Little, Brown and Company | 2013 | 288 páginas | epub | 754 kb

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The irresistibly engaging book that "enlarges one's wonder at Tammet's mind and his all-embracing vision of the world as grounded in numbers." --Oliver Sacks, MDTHINKING IN NUMBERS is the book that Daniel Tammet, mathematical savant and bestselling author, was born to write. In Tammet's world, numbers are beautiful and mathematics illuminates our lives and minds. Using anecdotes, everyday examples, and ruminations on history, literature, and more, Tammet allows us to share his unique insights and delight in the way numbers, fractions, and equations underpin all our lives.
Inspired variously by the complexity of snowflakes, Anne Boleyn's eleven fingers, and his many siblings, Tammet explores questions such as why time seems to speed up as we age, whether there is such a thing as an average person, and how we can make sense of those we love. His provocative and inspiring new book will change the way you think about math and fire your imagination to view the world with fresh eyes.

Contents
Preface
Chapter One: Family Values
Chapter Two: Eternity in an Hour
Chapter Three: Counting to Four in Icelandic
Chapter Four: Proverbs and Times Tables
Chapter Five: Classroom Intuitions
Chapter Six: Shakespeare’s Zero
Chapter Seven: Shapes of Speech
Chapter Eight: On Big Numbers
Chapter Nine: Snowman
Chapter Ten: Invisible Cities
Chapter Eleven: Are We Alone?
Chapter Twelve: The Calendar of Omar Khayyám
Chapter Thirteen: Counting by Elevens
Chapter Fourteen: The Admirable Number Pi
Chapter Fifteen: Einstein’s Equations
Chapter Sixteen: A Novelist’s Calculus
Chapter Seventeen: Book of Books
Chapter Eighteen: Poetry of the Primes
Chapter Nineteen: All Things Are Created Unequal
Chapter Twenty: A Model Mother
Chapter Twenty-One: Talking Chess
Chapter Twenty-Two: Selves and Statistics
Chapter Twenty-Three: The Cataract of Time
Chapter Twenty-Four: Higher than Heaven
Chapter Twenty-Five: The Art of Math
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Also by Daniel Tammet

How to Solve the da Vinci Code: And 34 other really interesting uses of mathematics

Richard Elwes

Quercus | 2012 | 385 páginas | rar - epub | 4,47 Mb

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Can you outrun a bullet? How do you build an electronic brain? Is it possible to create an unbreakable code? Could you slow down time? How do you unleash chaos? If you thought mathematics was all about measuring angles in a triangle or factorizing equations, think again... 
How to Solve the da Vinci Code and 34 Other Really Interesting Uses of Mathematics demystifies the astonishing world of maths in a series of intriguing, entertaining and often extraordinary scenarios - that explain key concepts in plain and simple language. You'll find out how to unknot your DNA, how to count like a supercomputer and how to become famous for solving mathematics most challenging problem. You'll learn essential survival skills such as how to survive in a whirlpool, how to slay a mathematical monster and how to be alive and dead at the same time. And along the way you'll discover some plain old cool stuff like how to unleash chaos, how to create an unbreakable code and how to use the mathematics to win at roulette or avoid going to prison. So if you want to get to grips with the great questions of number theory and geometry, the mysteries of the prime numbers or Plato's classification of regular polyhedra, or if you are really more interested in learning how to have beautiful children or how to make a million on the stock market, this is the perfect introduction to the fascinating world of modern mathematics.


CONTENTS
Introduction
1. How to solve every equation there has ever been
2. How to become a celebrity mathematician
3. How to square a circle
4. How to win the ultimate mathematics prize
5. How to slay a mathematical monster
6. How to excel at Sudoku
7. How to unleash chaos
8. How to survive a whirlpool
9. How to make a million on the stock market
10. How to outrun a speeding bullet
11. How to solve the Da Vinci code
12. How to admire a mathematical masterpiece
13. How to count like a supercomputer
14. How to visit a hundred cities in one day
15. How to arrange the perfect dinner party
16. How to paint the world in four colors
17. How to be alive and dead at the same time
18. How to draw an impossible triangle
19. How to unknot your DNA
20. How to find all the holes in the universe
21. How to feel at home in five dimensions
22. How to design the perfect pattern
23. How to build the perfect beehive
24. How to count to infinity
25. How to build a brain
26. How to bring down the internet
27. How to ask an unanswerable question
28. How to detect fraud
29. How to create an unbreakable code
30. How to avoid prison
31. How to mislead a jury
32. How to slow time
33. How to win at roulette
34. How to have beautiful children
35. How to talk to a computer
Glossary

Mathematics in Popular Culture: Essays on Appearances in Film, Fiction, Games, Television and Other Media

Jessica K. Sklar e Elizabeth S. Sklar

McFarland | 2012 |355  páginas | pdf | 3,8 Mb

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Mathematics has maintained a surprising presence in popular media for over a century. In recent years, the movies Good Will Hunting, A Beautiful Mind, and Stand and Deliver, the stage plays Breaking the Code and Proof, the novella Flatland and the hugely successful television crime series NUMB3RS all weave mathematics prominently into their storylines. Less obvious but pivotal references to the subject appear in the blockbuster TV show Lost, the cult movie The Princess Bride, and even Tolstoy's War and Peace. In this collection of new essays, contributors consider the role of math in everything from films, baseball, crossword puzzles, fantasy role-playing games, and television shows to science fiction tales, award-winning plays and classic works of literature. Revealing the broad range of intersections between mathematics and mainstream culture, this collection demonstrates that even "mass entertainment" can have a hidden depth.

Table of Contents
Acknowledgments vi
Foreword by Keith Devlin 1
Introduction
JESSICA K. SKLAR and ELIZABETH S. SKLAR 3
Part One: The Game
A Survey of Fictional Mathematics in Literature
ALEX KASMAN 9
“You Never Said Anything about Math”: Math Phobia and Math Fanaticism in the World of Lost
KRISTINE LARSEN 27
What’s in a Name? The Matrix as an Introduction to Mathematics
KRIS GREEN 44
Mapping Contagion and Disease, Catastrophe and Destruction: Computer Modeling in the Epidemiological Disaster Narrative
KATHLEEN COYNE KELLY and DOUGLAS WHITTINGTON 55
Fair and Unfair Division in Neal Stephenson’s Cryptonomicon
WILLIAM GOLDBLOOM BLOCH and MICHAEL D. C. DROUT 71
Game Theory in Popular Culture: Battles of Wits and Matters of Trust
JENNIFER FIRKINS NORDSTROM 86
Coming Out of the Dungeon: Mathematics and Role-Playing Games
KRIS GREEN 99
Playing Moneyball: Math and Baseball
JEFF HILDEBRAND 114
A Mathematician Does the New York Times Sunday Crossword Puzzle
GENE ABRAMS 123
Part Two: The Players
XKCD: A Web of Popular Culture
KAREN BURNHAM 137
Counting with the Sharks: Math-Savvy Gamblers in Popular Culture
MATTHEW LANE 148
Stand and Deliver Twenty Years Later
KSENIJA SIMIC-MULLER, MAURA VARLEY GUTIÉRREZ and RODRIGO JORGE GUTIÉRREZ 163
Smart Girls: The Uncanny Daughters of Arcadia and Proof
SHARON ALKER and ROBERTA DAVIDSON 172
Mean Girls: A Metamorphosis of the Female Math Nerd
KRISTIN ROWAN 187
The Mathematical Misanthrope and American Popular Culture
KENNETH FAULKNER 198
Alan Turing: Reflecting on the Life, Work, and Popular Representations of a Queer Mathematician
K. G. VALENTE 219
Mat(t)h Anxiety: Math as Symptom in Gus Van Sant’s Good Will Hunting
DONALD L. HOFFMAN 233
Part Three: Math + Metaphor
Thinking Outside the Box: Application Versus Discovery in Saw and Cube
JESSICA K. SKLAR 247
Tolstoy’s Integration Metaphor from War and Peace
STEPHEN T. AHEARN 258
“We’ll all change together”: Mathematics as Metaphor in Greg Egan’s Fiction
NEIL EASTERBROOK 265
Truth by the Numbers: Mysticism and Madness in Darren Aronofsky’s π
LAURIE A. FINKE and MARTIN B. SHICHTMAN 274
Flatland in Popular Culture
LILA MARZ HARPER 288
Discovering a Higher Plane: Dimensionality and Enlightenment in Flatland and Diaspora
CHRIS PAK 304
Projective Geometry in Early Twentieth-Century Esotericism: From the Anthroposophical Society to the Thoth Tarot
RICHARD KACZYNSKI 314
Appendices
A: Mathematics in Performance Media 333
B: Mathematics in Fiction and Poetry 334
About the Contributors 337
Index 341

Math and the Mona Lisa: The Art and Science of Leonardo da Vinci

Atalay Bülent
Smithsonian | 2004 | 352 páginas | rar - epub | 6,1 Mb

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Math and the Mona Lisa sees the transcendant unity of art and science in almost every aspect of Leonardo's life and work. Atalay seeks the consilience of science and art—painting, architecture, sculpture, music, mathematics, physics, biology, astronomy, and engineering—and the unity of the two cultures. He delves deeply into the underlyingmathematics and aesthetics of science and art, paying special attention to the mathematical sequence called the Fibonacci series and to the related notion of the "golden ratio" or "divine proportion"—the keys to understanding the unity of art and nature. 32 b/w and 16 color illustrations.

Contents
  1    Leonardo Fiorentino: A Life Well Spent
  2    The Confluence of Science and Art
  3    Painting by Numbers
  4    The Nature of Science
  5    The Nature of Art
  6    The Art of Nature
  7    The Science of Art
  8    The Eye of the Beholder and the Eye of the Beheld
  9    Leonardo, Part-Time Artist
10    The Manuscripts of the Consummate Scientist
11    Unifying the Physics of Heaven and Earth
12    The Greatest Collective Piece of Art of the Twentieth Century
13    Bridging the Cultural Divide
Bibliographical Essay

The Universe and the Teacup: The Mathematics of Truth and Beauty

K. C. Cole

Mariner Books | 1999 | 224 páginas | rar - epub | 250 kb

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Mathematics, that breathtaking invention of ours that reveals the tiniest particles of matter and takes us to the outermost reaches of the cosmos, is found by many people to be intimidating. In The Universe and the Teacup, K. C. Cole demystifies mathematics and shows us-with humor and wonderfully accessible stories-why math need not be frightening. Using the O. J. Simpson trial, the bell curve, and Emmy Noether, the nineteenth-century woman scientist whose work was essential for Einstein's theory of relativity, Cole helps us see that more than just being a tool, math is a key to understanding the beauty of everything from rainbows to relativity.

Contents
ch. 1. What's math got to do with it
pt 1. Where mind meets math
ch. 2. Exponential amplification
ch. 3. Calculated risks
pt. 2. Interpreting the physical world
ch. 4. Measure of man, woman, and thing
ch. 5. Matter of scale
ch. 6. Emerging properties: more is different
ch. 7. Mathematics of prediction
ch. 8. Signal in the haystack
pt. 3. Interpreting the social world
ch. 9. Voting: Lani Guinier was right
ch. 10. Fair division: the wisdom of Solomon
ch. 11. Mathematics of kindness: math proves the golden rule
pt. 4. Mathematics of truth
ch. 12. Truth about why things happen
ch. 13. Burden of proof
ch. 14. Emmy and Albert: the unvarying nature of truth.

Mathematical scandals

Theoni Pappas

Wide World Publishing, Tetra | 1997 | 163 páginas | rar - pdf | 6,3 Mb

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Mathematics can be a passionate subject, and this text introduces the human sides and foibles of mathematics and mathematicians. Each scandal is introduced by a vignette which, although fictional, follows factual historical accounts.


Contents
Introduction — vii
The irrational number cover-up — 1
Ada Byron Lovelace’s addiction — 7
Exposing L’Hospital’s claim to fame — 16
Whose solids are they anyway? — 22
The paranoia of Kurt Gödel — 26
Newton’s apple never was — 35
Mathematical “Brooklyn Bridge” — 39
Christians murder Hypatia — 44
Cantor driven to nervous breakdown — 50
The mathematician who pleaded insanity — 59
The scandalous treatment of Alan Turing — 63
Fourier cooks his own goose — 68
The secret work of Carl Gauss — 73
Female mathematician crashes the old boys’ club — 80
Newton was no sweet cookie — 86
Where’s the Nobel Prize in mathematics? — 96
Was Galois jinxed? — 102
I sleep therefore I think — 109
The feud over who invented calculus — 115
The truth about Einstein & Maric—It’s all relative — 121
Cardano vs Tartaglia—Who was maligned? — 131
Bibliography — 139
Index — 145
About the author — 151

Descartes's Secret Notebook: A True Tale of Mathematics, Mysticism, and the Quest to Understand the Universe

Amir D. Aczel

Broadway | 2006 | 288 páginas | rar - epub |3,23 Mb

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René Descartes (1596—1650) is one of the towering and central figures in Western philosophy and mathematics. His apothegm ''Cogito, ergo sum'' marked the birth of the mind-body problem, while his creation of so-called Cartesian coordinates has made our intellectual conquest of physical space possible.
But Descartes had a mysterious and mystical side, as well. Almost certainly a member of the occult brotherhood of the Rosicrucians, he kept a secret notebook, now lost, most of which was written in code. After Descartes's death, Gottfried Leibniz, inventor of calculus and one of the greatest mathematicians of all time, moved to Paris in search of this notebook–and eventually found it in the possession of Claude Clerselier, a friend of Descartes's. Liebniz called on Clerselier and was allowed to copy only a couple of pages–which, though written in code, he amazingly deciphered there on the spot. Liebniz's hastily scribbled notes are all we have today of Descartes's notebook.
Why did Descartes keep a secret notebook, and what were its contents? The answers to these questions will lead the reader on an exciting, swashbuckling journey, and offer a fascinating look at one of the great figures of Western culture.

Contents
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Prologue: Leibniz's Search in Taris
1: The Gardens of Touraine
2: Jesuit Mathematics and the 'Pleasures of the Capital
3: The Dutch Puzzle
4: Three Dreams in an Oven by the Danube
5: The Athenians Are Vexed by a Persistent Ancient Plague
6: The Meeting with Faulhaber and the Battle of Prague
7: The Brotherhood
8: Swords at Sea and a (Meeting in the Marais
9: Descartes and the Ksicrucians
10: Italian Creations
11: Duel at Orleans, and the Siege of la Rgchelle
12: The Move to Holland and the Ghost of Galileo
13: A Secret Affair
14: Descartes' Philosophy and the Discourse on the Method
15: Descartes Understands the Ancient Delian Mystery
16: Princess Elizabeth
17: The Intrigues of Utrecht
18: The Qall of the Queen
19: The Mysterioust Death of Descartes
20: Leibniz's Quest for Descartes' Secret
21: Leibniz Breaks Descartes' Code and Solves the Mystery
A Twenty first-Century Epilogue
Notes