(Recent Research in Psychology)
Leslie P. Steffe, Paul Cobb, Hermine Sinclair e Ernst v. Glasersfeld
Springer | 1988 | páginas | rar - pdf | 13,72 Mb
link (password: matav)
The studies presented in this book will be of interest to anybody concerned with the teaching of arithmetic to young children or with cognitive development in general. The book provides an extremely detailed account of the different types of counting behavior of half a dozen children over two years. The "teaching experiment" used investigates children's construction of counting schemes, writing operations and their systems, lexical and syntactic meanings of number words and, finally, thinking strategies. The data allowed the authors to reach their main goal: to document the many subtle changes in children's counting and to interpret them theoretically. At the same time, the results of their intensive study lead the authors to affirm that a major shift in the arithmetic curriculum is necessary: they have cogently demonstrated that many of the widespread presuppositions about what young children know and what they do not know are erroneous, and that better insight into how children come to "do mathematics" should greatly improve the the teaching of arithmetic.
Contents
I: On the Construction of the Counting Scheme.
Children's Counting.- The Counting Types.- Perceptual Unit Items.- Figural Unit Items.- Motor Unit Items.- Verbal Unit Items.- Abstract Unit Items.- Ontogenetic Analysis.- Stages.- Adaptation.- Counting as a Scheme.- The First Part of the Counting Scheme.- The Third Part of the Counting Scheme.- Other Sources of Numerosity.- Perceptual Mechanisms.- Spatial Patterns.- Meaning Theory.- Reflection and Abstraction.- II: The Construction of Motor Unit Items: Brenda, Tarus, and James.-
1. Brenda.- The Perceptual Period.- The Motor Period.- Discussion of Brenda's Case Study.- The Perceptual Period.- The Motor Period.-
2. Tarus.- The Perceptual Period.- The Motor Period.- Discusion of Tarus's Case Study.- The Perceptual Period.- The Motor Period.-
3. James.- The Perceptual Period.- The Motor Period.- Discussion of James's Case Study.- The Perceptual Period.- The Motor Period.- Perspectives on the Three Case Studies.- Period Criterion.- The Incorporation and Invariant Sequence Criteria.- The Reorganization Criterion.-
III: The Construction of Verbal Unit Items: Brenda, Tarus, and James.-
1. Brenda.- Discussion of Brenda's Case Study.-
2. Tarus.- Discussion of Tarus's Case Study.-
3. James.- Discussion of James's Case Study.- Perspectives on the Case Studies.- The Verbal Period as a Subperiod in the Figurative Stage.- Counting-on.- IV: The Construction of Abstract Unit Items: Tyrone, Scenetra, and Jason.-
4. Tyrone.- The Motor Period.- The Abstract Period.- Discussion of Tryone's Case Study.-
5. Scenetra.- The Motor Period.- The Verbal Period.- The Abstract Period.- Discussion of Scenetra's Case Study.-
6. Jason.- The Motor Period.- Creating Verbal Unit Items.- The Abstract Period.- Discussion of Jason's Case Study.- Perspectives on the Case Studies.- Stages.- Incorportation Criterion.- Transition to the Abstract Period.- The Reorganization of Counting.-
V: Lexical and Syntactical Meanings: Brenda, Tarus, and James.-
1. Brenda.- The Perceptual Period.- The Motor Period.- The Verbal Period.- Discussion of Brenda's Case Study.- The Perceptual Stage.- The Figurative Stage.-
2. Tarus.- The Perceptual Period.- The Motor Period.- The Verbal Period.- Discussion of Tarus's Case Study.- The Perceptual Stage.- The Figurative Stage.-
3. James.- The Perceptual Period.- The Motor Period.- The Verbal Period.- Discussion of James's Case Study.- The Perceptual Stage.- The Figurative Stage.- Perspectives on the Case Studies.- The Perceptual Stage.- Finger Patterns.- The Figurative Stage.- Mobile Finger Patterns.- Sophisticated Finger Patterns.- Spatio-Auditory Patterns.- Dual Meanings of Number Words.- Counting as the Meaning of Number Words.- Summary of the Types of Preconcepts and Concepts.- Meanings of "Ten".- Ten as an Enactive Concept.- Ten as a Countable Figural Unit.- Ten as a Countable Motor Unit.- Adding Schemes.- The Perceptual Stage.- The Figurative Stage.- Comments on Prenumerical Children.-
VI: Lexical and Syntactical Meanings: Tyrone, Scenetra, and Jason.- Systems of Integration.- Integrations.- Sequential Integration Operations.- Progressive Integration Operations.- Part-Whole Operations.-
4. Tyrone.- The Emergence of the Integration Operation.- The Period of Sequential Integration Operations.- The Period of Progressive Integration Operations.- The Period of Part-Whole Operations.- Discussion of Tyrone's Case Study.- The Emergence of the Integration Operation.- The Period of Sequential Integration Operations.- The Period of Progressive Integration Operations.- The Period of Part-Whole Operations.- Unit Types of the Unit of Ten.-
5. Scenetra.- Recognition and Re-Presentation of Patterns.- The Emergence of the Integration Operation.- The Period of Sequential Integration operations.- The Period of Progressive Integreation Operations.- Discussion of Scenetra's Case Study.- The Emergence of the Integratoin Operation.- The Period of Sequential Integration Operations.- The Period of Progressive Integration Operations.- Unit Types of the Unit of Ten.-
6. Jason.- Recognition and Re-Presentation of Patterns.- The Emergence of The Integration Operation.- The Period of Sequential Integration Operations.- The Period of Progressive integration Operations.- The Period of Part-Whole Operations.- Discussion of Jason's Case Study.- The Emergence of the Integration Operation.- The Period of Sequential Integration Operations.- The Period of Progressive Integration Operations.- The Period of Part-Whole Operations.- Unit Types of the Unit of Ten.- Perspectives on the Case Studies.- The Emergence of the Integration Operation.- Numerical Patterns.- Number Sequences.- Stages in the Construction of the Numerical Counting Scheme.- Piaget's Invariant Sequence and Incorporation Criteria.- The Reorganization Criterion.- Units of One.- The Unit of One in Sequential Integration Operations.- The Unit of One in Progressive Integration Operations.- The Unit of One in Part-Whole Operations.- Units of Ten.- The Stage of Sequential Integration Operations.- The Stage of Progressive Integration Operations.- The Stage of Part-Whole Operations.- Other Perspectives.-
VII: Strategies for Finding Sums and Differences: Brenda, Tarus, and James.- Brenda.- Independent Solutions.- Number Word Coordinations.- Tarus.- Independent Solutions.- Number Word Coordinations.- James.- Independent Solutions.- Number Word Coordinations.- Perspectives on the Case Studies.- Number Facts.-
VIII: Strategies for Finding Sums and Differences: Tyrone, Scenetra, and Jason.- Sequential Integration Operations.- Jason.- Tyrone.- Scenetra.- Discussion: Sequential Integration Operations.- Progressive Integration Operations.- Jason.- Tyrone.- Scenetra.- Discussion: Progressive Integration Operations.- Part-Whole Operations.- Jason.- Tyrone.- Perspective on the Case Studies.- Arithmetical Context.- Thinking Strategies and Integration Operations.- Thinking Strategies and the Basic Facts.- Thinking Strategies and the Construction of Part-Whole Operations.- Goals for Teaching Thinking Strategies.-
IX: Modifications of the Counting Scheme.- Predicting Modifications of the Counting Scheme.- Mathematical Learning.- The Perceptual Stage.- Temporary Modifications.- Procedural Accommodations.- Engendering Accommodations.- Isolated Procedural Accommodations.- The Figurative Stage.- Procedural Accommodations.- Temporary Modifications.- Retrospective Accommodations.- Re-presentation and Review of Prior Activity.- The Figurative Stage: Tyrone, Scenetra, and Jason.- Procedural Engendering Accommodations.- Temporary Modifications.- Metamorphic Accommodations.- Stages in the Construction of Part-Whole Operations.- Sequential Integration Operations.- Procedural Accommodations.- Engendering Accommodations.- Progressive Integration Operations.- Internal Reorganizations.- Part-Whole Operations.- Phylogenetic Perspectives.- Zones of Potential Development in Retrospect.- Figurative Stage.- Sequential Integration Operations.- Progressive Integration Operations.- Part-Whole Operations.-
Final Comments.-
References.
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